Roman2Norman - User contributions [en]

St. Innocent I

2011-10-03T19:29:53Z

EpicHistorian:

<p>Pope Saint Innocent I was pope from [[401]] to March 12, [[417]]. He was, according to his biographer in the Liber Pontificalis, the son of a man called Innocens of Albano; but according to his contemporary Jerome, his father was Pope Anastasius I (399–[[401]]), whom he was called by the unanimous voice of the clergy and laity to succeed (he had been born before his father's entry to the clergy, let alone the papacy; this was before the time of a rule of celibacy for priests).</p>

<p>Innocent I lost no opportunity of maintaining and extending the authority of the Roman see as the ultimate resort for the settlement of all disputes; and his still extant communications with Victricius of Rouen, Exuperius of Toulouse, Alexander of Antioch and others, as well as his actions on the appeal made to him by John Chrysostom (397–[[403]]) against Theophilus of Alexandria, show that opportunities of the kind were numerous and varied. He took a decided view on the Pelagian controversy, confirming the decisions of the synod of the province of proconsular Africa, held in Carthage in 416, which had been sent to him, and also writing in the same year in a similar sense to the fathers of the Numidian synod of Mileve who, Augustine being one of their number, had addressed him.</p>

<p>The historian Zosimus in his Historia Nova suggests that during the sack of Rome in [[410]] by Alaric that Innocent I was willing to permit private pagan practices as a temporary measure. However, Zosimus also suggests that this attempt by pagans to restore public worship failed due to lack of public interest, suggesting that Rome had been successfully Christianized in the last century.
Among Innocent I's letters is one to Jerome and another to John II, Bishop of Jerusalem, regarding annoyances to which the former had been subjected by the Pelagians at Bethlehem. He died on March 12, [[417]]. Accordingly, though from the thirteenth to the twentieth century he was commemorated on 28 July, his feast day is now March 12. His successor was Zosimus.</p>
<p> </p>
([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Innocent_I Wikipedia: Pope Innocent I])

St. Innocent I

2011-10-03T19:29:30Z

EpicHistorian:

St. Innocent I

2011-10-03T19:26:11Z

EpicHistorian: New page: <p>Pope Saint Innocent I was pope from 401 to March 12, 417. He was, according to his biographer in the Liber Pontificalis, the son of a man called Innocens of Albano; but accordi...

Popes

2011-10-03T19:25:13Z

EpicHistorian:

<table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width=100%>
<tr>
<td width=25%> [[St. Innocent I]] (401 - 417) </td>
<td width=25%> Honorius I ([[625]] - 638) </td>
<td width=25%> Eugene II (824 - [[827]]) </td>
<td width=25%> Agapetus II ([[946]] - [[955]]) </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=25%> St. Zosimus (417 - [[418]]) </td>
<td width=25%> Severinus ([[640]]) </td>
<td width=25%> Valentine ([[827]]) </td>
<td width=25%> John XII ([[955]] - [[963]]) </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=25%> St. Boniface I ([[418]] - 422) </td>
<td width=25%> John IV ([[640]] - [[642]]) </td>
<td width=25%> Gregory IV ([[827]] - 844) </td>
<td width=25%> Leo VIII ([[963]] - [[964]]) </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=25%> St. Celestine I (422 - 432) </td>
<td width=25%> Theodore I ([[642]] - 649) </td>
<td width=25%> Sergius II (844 - 847) </td>
<td width=25%> Benedict V ([[964]]) </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=25%> St. Sixtus III (432 - 440) </td>
<td width=25%> St. Martin I (649 - [[655]]) </td>
<td width=25%> St. Leo IV (847 - 855) </td>
<td width=25%> John XIII ([[965]] - 972) </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=25%> St. Leo I (the Great) (440 - 461) </td>
<td width=25%> St. Eugene I ([[655]] - 657) </td>
<td width=25%> Benedict III (855 - [[858]]) </td>
<td width=25%> Benedict VI ([[973]] - 974) </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=25%> St. Hilarius (461 - 468) </td>
<td width=25%> St. Vitalian (657 - [[672]]) </td>
<td width=25%> St. Nicholas I (the Great) ([[858]] - [[867]]) </td>
<td width=25%> Benedict VII (974 - [[983]]) </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=25%> St. Simplicius (468 - 483) </td>
<td width=25%> Adeodatus (II) ([[672]] - [[676]]) </td>
<td width=25%> Adrian II ([[867]] - [[872]]) </td>
<td width=25%> John XIV ([[983]] - [[984]]) </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=25%> St. Felix III (II) (483 - 492) </td>
<td width=25%> Donus ([[676]] - [[678]]) </td>
<td width=25%> John VIII ([[872]] - [[882]]) </td>
<td width=25%> John XV ([[985]] - [[996]]) </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=25%> St. Gelasius I (492 - 496) </td>
<td width=25%> St. Agatho ([[678]] - [[681]]) </td>
<td width=25%> Marinus I ([[882]] - [[884]]) </td>
<td width=25%> Gregory V ([[996]] - [[999]]) </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=25%> Anastasius II (496 - 498) </td>
<td width=25%> St. Leo II (682 - 683) </td>
<td width=25%> St. Adrian III ([[884]] - [[885]]) </td>
<td width=25%> Sylvester II ([[999]] - [[1003]]) </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=25%> St. Symmachus (498 - [[514]]) </td>
<td width=25%> St. Benedict II ([[684]] - [[685]]) </td>
<td width=25%> Stephen VI ([[885]] - [[891]]) </td>
<td width=25%> John XVII ([[1003]]) </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=25%> St. Hormisdas ([[514]] - 523) </td>
<td width=25%> John V ([[685]] - [[686]]) </td>
<td width=25%> Formosus ([[891]] - [[896]]) </td>
<td width=25%> John XVIII ([[1003]] - [[1009]]) </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=25%> St. John I (523 - 526) </td>
<td width=25%> Conon ([[686]] - [[687]]) </td>
<td width=25%> Boniface VI ([[896]]) </td>
<td width=25%> Sergius IV ([[1009]] - [[1012]]) </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=25%> St. Felix IV (III) (526 - [[530]]) </td>
<td width=25%> St. Sergius I ([[687]] - 701) </td>
<td width=25%> Stephen VII ([[896]] - [[897]]) </td>
<td width=25%> Benedict VIII ([[1012]] - 1024) </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=25%> Boniface II ([[530]] - 532) </td>
<td width=25%> John VI (701 - [[705]]) </td>
<td width=25%> Romanus ([[897]]) </td>
<td width=25%> John XIX (1024 - [[1032]]) </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=25%> John II (533 - 535) </td>
<td width=25%> John VII ([[705]] - 707) </td>
<td width=25%> Theodore II ([[897]]) </td>
<td width=25%> Benedict IX ([[1032]] - [[1045]]) </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=25%> [[St. Agapetus I]] (535-536)</td>
<td width=25%> Sisinnius (708) </td>
<td width=25%> John IX ([[898]] - 900) </td>
<td width=25%> [[Sylvester III]] ([[1045]])</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=25%> St. Silverius (536 - 537) </td>
<td width=25%> Constantine (708 - [[715]]) </td>
<td width=25%> Benedict IV (900 - [[903]]) </td>
<td width=25%> Benedict IX ([[1045]]) </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=25%> Vigilius (537 - 555) </td>
<td width=25%> St. Gregory II ([[715]] - 731) </td>
<td width=25%> Leo V ([[903]]) </td>
<td width=25%> Gregory VI ([[1045]] - [[1046]]) </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=25%> Pelagius I ([[556]] - 561) </td>
<td width=25%> St. Gregory III (731 - 741) </td>
<td width=25%> Sergius III ([[904]] - [[911]]) </td>
<td width=25%> Clement II ([[1046]] - [[1047]]) </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=25%> John III (561 - 574) </td>
<td width=25%> St. Zachary (741 - [[752]]) </td>
<td width=25%> Anastasius III ([[911]] - [[913]]) </td>
<td width=25%> Benedict IX ([[1047]] - [[1048]]) </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=25%> Benedict I (575 - 579) </td>
<td width=25%> [[Stephen II]] ([[752]])</td>
<td width=25%> Lando ([[913]] - 914) </td>
<td width=25%> Damasus II ([[1048]]) </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=25%> Pelagius II (579 - 590) </td>
<td width=25%> Stephen III ([[752]] - [[757]]) </td>
<td width=25%> John X (914 - [[928]]) </td>
<td width=25%> St. Leo IX ([[1049]] - [[1054]]) </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=25%> St. Gregory I (the Great) (590 - [[604]]) </td>
<td width=25%> St. Paul I ([[757]] - 767) </td>
<td width=25%> Leo VI ([[928]]) </td>
<td width=25%> Victor II ([[1055]] - [[1057]]) </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=25%> Sabinian ([[604]] - [[606]]) </td>
<td width=25%> Stephen IV (767 - [[772]]) </td>
<td width=25%> Stephen VIII (929 - 931) </td>
<td width=25%> Stephen X ([[1057]] - [[1058]]) </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=25%> Boniface III ([[607]]) </td>
<td width=25%> Adrian I ([[772]] - [[795]]) </td>
<td width=25%> John XI (931 - [[935]]) </td>
<td width=25%> Nicholas II ([[1058]] - [[1061]]) </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=25%> St. Boniface IV (608 - 615) </td>
<td width=25%> St. Leo III ([[795]] - [[816]]) </td>
<td width=25%> Leo VII (936 - 939) </td>
<td width=25%> Alexander II ([[1061]] - 1073) </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=25%> St. Deusdedit (Adeodatus I) (615 - 618) </td>
<td width=25%> Stephen V ([[816]] - 817) </td>
<td width=25%> Stephen IX (939 - [[942]]) </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=25%> Boniface V (619 - [[625]]) </td>
<td width=25%> St. Paschal I (817 - 824) </td>
<td width=25%> Marinus II ([[942]] - [[946]]) </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
</table>

865

2011-10-03T19:18:29Z

EpicHistorian:

This year sat the heathen army in the [[Isle of Thanet|Isle of Thanet]], and made peace with the men of [[Kent]], who promised money therewith; but under the security of peace, and the promise of money, the army in the night stole up the country, and overran all [[Kent]] eastward.<p>
(Ingram, p.63)

Main Page

2008-05-02T17:54:19Z

EpicHistorian:

== Welcome to Roman 2 Norman ==
This website deals with people and events, throughout the
world, during the time frame delineated by the Roman abandonment of
England (A.D. 410) to the Norman conquest of England (A.D. [[1066]]).<br>
<br>
The original basis for the information contained herein is the
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, specifically the translation done by the Rev.
James Ingram in 1912. While other translations have been produced since
this one, the Ingram translation remains one of the more widely
accepted translations in existance despite some inaccuracies in
Ingram's notes, which have been omitted.<br>
<br>
For a quick start, here are some summary pages:<br>
<table border="0" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>
<div align="center"><b>Times</b></div>
</td>
<td>
<div align="center"><b>People</b></div>
</td>
<td>
<div align="center"><b>Places</b></div>
</td>
<td>
<div align="center"><b>Events</b></div>
</td>
<td>
<div align="center"><b>Objects</b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<div align="center">[[5th Century]]</div>
</td>
<td>
<div align="center">[[Byrhtnoth]]</div>
</td>
<td>
<div align="center">[[Holy Island]]</div>
</td>
<td>
<div align="center">[[Battle of Maldon]]</div>
</td>
<td>
<div align="center">[http://www.roman2norman.com/downloads/saxongenealogies.pdf Saxon Genealogies (.pdf)]</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<div align="center">[[6th Century]]</div>
</td>
<td>
<div align="center">[[Popes]]</div>
</td>
<td>
<div align="center">[[Isle of Sheppey]]</div>
</td>
<td>  </td>
<td>
<div align="center">[[Glossary]]</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<div align="center">[[7th Century]]</div>
</td>
<td>  </td>
<td>
<div align="center">[[Isle of Portland]]</div>
</td>
<td> </td>
<td>
<div align="center">[[Maps]]</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<div align="center">[[8th Century]]</div>
</td>
<td>  </td>
<td>
<div align="center">[[Isle of Thanet]]</div>
</td>
<td> 
</td>
<td>
<div align="center">[[Books]]</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<div align="center">[[9th Century]]</div>
</td>
<td>  </td>
<td>
<div align="center">[[Isle of Wight]]</div>
</td>
<td>  </td>
<td>  </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<div align="center">[[10th Century]]</div>
</td>
<td>  </td>
<td>  </td>
<td>  </td>
<td>  </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<div align="center">[[11th Century]]</div>
</td>
<td>  </td>
<td>
<div align="center">[[Heptarchy]]</div></td>
<td>  </td>
<td>  </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<div align="center">[[Calendar]]</div>
</td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<div align="center">[[Easter]]</div>
</td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
</table>
<br>
<br>
For further information, there is also a page of [[References]].
----
[http://asc.jebbo.co.uk/ Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, original language]<br>
[http://www.britannia.com/history/docs/asintro2.html Brittannia: The Anglo Saxon Chronicle]<br>
[http://www.earlybritishkingdoms.com Early British Kingdoms]<br>
[http://dontgohere.nu/oe/as-bt/index.htm Online Anglo-Saxon Dictionary]<br>
[http://www.thepeerage.com/index.htm thePeerage.com]

960

2008-04-26T23:28:45Z

EpicHistorian:

<p>Sung Dynasty is established in China.</p>
(McNeill, p.138)

960

2008-04-26T23:28:33Z

EpicHistorian: New page: <p>Sung Dynasty is established in China</p> (McNeill, p.138)

<p>Sung Dynasty is established in China</p>
(McNeill, p.138)

10th Century

2008-04-26T23:28:04Z

EpicHistorian:

806

2008-04-26T23:21:58Z

EpicHistorian:

<p>This year was the moon eclipsed, on the first of September; Erdwulf, king of the Northumbrians, was banished from his dominions; and Eanbert, Bishop of Hexham, departed this life. This year also, on the next day before the nones of June, a cross was seen in the moon, on a Wednesday, at the dawn; and afterwards, during the same year, on the third day before the calends of September, a wonderful circle was displayed about the sun.</p>
<p>(Ingram, p.57-58)</p>

----
<p>More than half the Chinese province of Chekiang died in an epidemic.</p>
(McNeill, p.134)

762

2008-04-26T23:19:07Z

EpicHistorian:

<p>This year died Archbishop Bregowin.</p>
<p>(Ingram, p.52)</p>

----
<p>More than half the Chinese province of Shantung died in an epidemic.</p>
(McNeill, p.134)

923

2008-04-26T23:14:04Z

EpicHistorian:

<p>This year went King Edward with an army, late in the harvest, to Thelwall; and ordered the borough to be repaired, and in habited, and manned. And he ordered another army also from the population of Mercia, the while he sat there, to go to Manchester in Northumbria, to repair and to man it. This year died Archbishop Plegmund; and King Reynold won York.<p></p>
<p>(Ingram, p.83)</p>

----
<p>Arabic physician al-Razi died.</p>
(McNeill, p.117)

850

2008-04-26T23:13:05Z

EpicHistorian: New page: <p>Arabic physician al-Razi was born.</p> (McNeill, p.117)

<p>Arabic physician al-Razi was born.</p>
(McNeill, p.117)

9th Century

2008-04-26T23:12:12Z

EpicHistorian:

References

2008-04-26T23:10:41Z

EpicHistorian:

*<p>Bosworth, J., & Toller, T. N. (2006). Online Anglo-Saxon dictionary - Bosworth and Toller. Retrieved January 10, 2007 from http://lexicon.ff.cuni.cz/</p>
*<p> Britannia.com, L. (2007). Britannia: British history and travel. Retrieved February 5, 2007 from http://www.britannia.com/</p>
*<p>Cannon, J., & Hargreaves, A. (2001). The kings & queens of Britain. Oxford : Oxford University Press.from http://isbndb.com/d/book/the_kings_queens_of_britain</p>
*<p>Fagan, B. (2000). The Little Ice Age: How Climate Made History 1300-1850. New York: Basic Books.</p>
*<p>Ford, D. N. (2005). Early British kingdoms home page. Retrieved March 2, 2007 from http://www.earlybritishkingdoms.com/</p>
*<p>Ingram, J. (1912). Anglo-Saxon chronicle. Toronto: J. M. Dent & Sons.</p>
*<p>Jebson, T. (1995). The Anglo-Saxon chronicle - manuscript A. Retrieved February 1, 2007 from http://www.georgetown.edu/labyrinth/library/oe/texts/asc/a.html</p>
*<p>Lacey, R. & Danziger, D. (1999). The Year 1000: What Life was Like at the Turn of the First Millennium. New York: Little, Brown and Company.</p>
*<p>Lundy, D. (2007). thePeerage.com. Retrieved March 5, 2007 from http://www.thepeerage.com/index.htm</p>
*<p>McNeill, W. H. (1976). Plagues and Peoples. New York : Anchor Press/Doubleday.</p>
*<p>Oxford University Press. (2006). Oxford English dictionary: The definitive record of the English language. Retrieved February 13, 2007 from http://www.oed.com/</p>
*<p>Zinsser, H. (1945). Rats, lice and history. Boston : Little, Brown, and Company.</p>

References

2008-04-26T23:07:11Z

EpicHistorian:

*<p>Bosworth, J., & Toller, T. N. (2006). Online Anglo-Saxon dictionary - Bosworth and Toller. Retrieved January 10, 2007 from http://dontgohere.nu/oe/as-bt/index.htm</p>
*<p> Britannia.com, L. (2007). Britannia: British history and travel. Retrieved February 5, 2007 from http://www.britannia.com/</p>
*<p>Cannon, J., & Hargreaves, A. (2001). The kings & queens of Britain. Oxford : Oxford University Press.from http://isbndb.com/d/book/the_kings_queens_of_britain</p>
*<p>Fagan, B. (2000). The Little Ice Age: How Climate Made History 1300-1850. New York: Basic Books.</p>
*<p>Ford, D. N. (2005). Early British kingdoms home page. Retrieved March 2, 2007 from http://www.earlybritishkingdoms.com/</p>
*<p>Ingram, J. (1912). Anglo-Saxon chronicle. Toronto: J. M. Dent & Sons.</p>
*<p>Jebson, T. (1995). The Anglo-Saxon chronicle - manuscript A. Retrieved February 1, 2007 from http://www.georgetown.edu/labyrinth/library/oe/texts/asc/a.html</p>
*<p>Lacey, R. & Danziger, D. (1999). The Year 1000: What Life was Like at the Turn of the First Millennium. New York: Little, Brown and Company.</p>
*<p>Lundy, D. (2007). thePeerage.com. Retrieved March 5, 2007 from http://www.thepeerage.com/index.htm</p>
*<p>McNeill, W. H. (1976). Plagues and Peoples. New York : Anchor Press/Doubleday.</p>
*<p>Oxford University Press. (2006). Oxford English dictionary: The definitive record of the English language. Retrieved February 13, 2007 from http://www.oed.com/</p>
*<p>Zinsser, H. (1945). Rats, lice and history. Boston : Little, Brown, and Company.</p>

Main Page

2008-04-26T23:03:17Z

EpicHistorian:

Main Page

2008-04-26T22:46:08Z

EpicHistorian:

== Welcome to Roman 2 Norman ==
<p>This website deals with people and events, throughout the
world, during the time frame delineated by the Roman abandonment of
England (A.D. 410) to the Norman conquest of England (A.D. [[1066]]).<br>
<br>
The original basis for the information contained herein is the
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, specifically the translation done by the Rev.
James Ingram in 1912. While other translations have been produced since
this one, the Ingram translation remains one of the more widely
accepted translations in existance despite some inaccuracies in
Ingram's notes, which have been omitted.<br>
<br>
For a quick start, here are some summary pages:<br>
<table border="0" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>
<div align="center"><b>Times</b></div>
</td>
<td>
<div align="center"><b>People</b></div>
</td>
<td>
<div align="center"><b>Places</b></div>
</td>
<td>
<div align="center"><b>Events</b></div>
</td>
<td>
<div align="center"><b>Objects</b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<div align="center">[[5th Century]]</div>
</td>
<td>
<div align="center">[[Byrhtnoth]]</div>
</td>
<td>
<div align="center">[[Holy Island]]</div>
</td>
<td>
<div align="center">[[Battle of Maldon]]</div>
</td>
<td>
<div align="center">[http://www.roman2norman.com/downloads/saxongenealogies.pdf Saxon Genealogies (.pdf)]</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<div align="center">[[6th Century]]</div>
</td>
<td>
<div align="center">[[Popes]]</div>
</td>
<td>
<div align="center">[[Isle of Sheppey]]</div>
</td>
<td>  </td>
<td>
<div align="center">[[Glossary]]</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<div align="center">[[7th Century]]</div>
</td>
<td>  </td>
<td>
<div align="center">[[Isle of Portland]]</div>
</td>
<td> </td>
<td>
<div align="center">[[Maps]]</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<div align="center">[[8th Century]]</div>
</td>
<td>  </td>
<td>
<div align="center">[[Isle of Thanet]]</div>
</td>
<td> 
</td>
<td>
<div align="center">[[Books]]</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<div align="center">[[9th Century]]</div>
</td>
<td>  </td>
<td>
<div align="center">[[Isle of Wight]]</div>
</td>
<td>  </td>
<td>  </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<div align="center">[[10th Century]]</div>
</td>
<td>  </td>
<td>  </td>
<td>  </td>
<td>  </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<div align="center">[[11th Century]]</div>
</td>
<td>  </td>
<td>
<div align="center">[[Heptarchy]]</div></td>
<td>  </td>
<td>  </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<div align="center">[[Calendar]]</div>
</td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<div align="center">[[Easter]]</div>
</td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
</table>
<br>
<br>
For further information, there is also a page of [[References]].
----
[http://asc.jebbo.co.uk/ Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, original language]<br>
[http://www.britannia.com/history/docs/asintro2.html Brittannia: The Anglo Saxon Chronicle]<br>
[http://www.earlybritishkingdoms.com Early British Kingdoms]<br>
[http://dontgohere.nu/oe/as-bt/index.htm Online Anglo-Saxon Dictionary]<br>
[http://www.thepeerage.com/index.htm thePeerage.com]
</p>

Main Page

2008-04-26T22:45:19Z

EpicHistorian:

== Welcome to Roman 2 Norman ==
<p>This website deals with people and events, throughout the
world, during the time frame delineated by the Roman abandonment of
England (A.D. 410) to the Norman conquest of England (A.D. [[1066]]).<br>
<br>
The original basis for the information contained herein is the
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, specifically the translation done by the Rev.
James Ingram in 1912. While other translations have been produced since
this one, the Ingram translation remains one of the more widely
accepted translations in existance despite some inaccuracies in
Ingram's notes, which have been omitted.<br>
<br>
For a quick start, here are some summary pages:<br>
<table border="0" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>
<div align="center"><b>Times</b></div>
</td>
<td>
<div align="center"><b>People</b></div>
</td>
<td>
<div align="center"><b>Places</b></div>
</td>
<td>
<div align="center"><b>Events</b></div>
</td>
<td>
<div align="center"><b>Objects</b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<div align="center">[[5th Century]]</div>
</td>
<td>
<div align="center">[[Byrhtnoth]]</div>
</td>
<td>
<div align="center">[[Holy Island]]</div>
</td>
<td>
<div align="center">[[Battle of Maldon]]</div>
</td>
<td>
<div align="center">[http://www.roman2norman.com/downloads/saxongenealogies.pdf Saxon Genealogies (.pdf)]</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<div align="center">[[6th Century]]</div>
</td>
<td>
<div align="center">[[Popes]]</div>
</td>
<td>
<div align="center">[[Isle of Sheppey]]</div>
</td>
<td>  </td>
<td>
<div align="center">[[Glossary]]</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<div align="center">[[7th Century]]</div>
</td>
<td>  </td>
<td>
<div align="center">[[Isle of Portland]]</div>
</td>
<td> </td>
<td>
<div align="center">[[Maps]]</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<div align="center">[[8th Century]]</div>
</td>
<td>  </td>
<td>
<div align="center">[[Isle of Thanet]]</div>
</td>
<td>
<div align="center">[[Books]]</div>
</td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<div align="center">[[9th Century]]</div>
</td>
<td>  </td>
<td>
<div align="center">[[Isle of Wight]]</div>
</td>
<td>  </td>
<td>  </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<div align="center">[[10th Century]]</div>
</td>
<td>  </td>
<td>  </td>
<td>  </td>
<td>  </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<div align="center">[[11th Century]]</div>
</td>
<td>  </td>
<td>
<div align="center">[[Heptarchy]]</div></td>
<td>  </td>
<td>  </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<div align="center">[[Calendar]]</div>
</td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<div align="center">[[Easter]]</div>
</td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
</table>
<br>
<br>
For further information, there is also a page of [[References]].
----
[http://asc.jebbo.co.uk/ Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, original language]<br>
[http://www.britannia.com/history/docs/asintro2.html Brittannia: The Anglo Saxon Chronicle]<br>
[http://www.earlybritishkingdoms.com Early British Kingdoms]<br>
[http://dontgohere.nu/oe/as-bt/index.htm Online Anglo-Saxon Dictionary]<br>
[http://www.thepeerage.com/index.htm thePeerage.com]
</p>

Main Page

2008-04-26T22:44:02Z

EpicHistorian:

== Welcome to Roman 2 Norman ==
<p>This website deals with people and events, throughout the
world, during the time frame delineated by the Roman abandonment of
England (A.D. 410) to the Norman conquest of England (A.D. [[1066]]).<br>
<br>
The original basis for the information contained herein is the
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, specifically the translation done by the Rev.
James Ingram in 1912. While other translations have been produced since
this one, the Ingram translation remains one of the more widely
accepted translations in existance despite some inaccuracies in
Ingram's notes, which have been omitted.<br>
<br>
For a quick start, here are some summary pages:<br>
<table border="0" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>
<div align="center"><b>Times</b></div>
</td>
<td>
<div align="center"><b>People</b></div>
</td>
<td>
<div align="center"><b>Places</b></div>
</td>
<td>
<div align="center"><b>Events</b></div>
</td>
<td>
<div align="center"><b>Objects</b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<div align="center">[[5th Century]]</div>
</td>
<td>
<div align="center">[[Byrhtnoth]]</div>
</td>
<td>
<div align="center">[[Holy Island]]</div>
</td>
<td>
<div align="center">[[Battle of Maldon]]</div>
</td>
<td>
<div align="center">[http://www.roman2norman.com/downloads/saxongenealogies.pdf Saxon Genealogies (.pdf)]</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<div align="center">[[6th Century]]</div>
</td>
<td>
<div align="center">[[Popes]]</div>
</td>
<td>
<div align="center">[[Isle of Sheppey]]</div>
</td>
<td>  </td>
<td>
<div align="center">[[Glossary]]</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<div align="center">[[7th Century]]</div>
</td>
<td>  </td>
<td>
<div align="center">[[Isle of Portland]]</div>
</td>
<td> </td>
<td>
<div align="center">[[Maps]]</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<div align="center">[[8th Century]]</div>
</td>
<td>  </td>
<td>
<div align="center">[[Isle of Thanet]]</div>
</td>
<td[[Books]]</td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<div align="center">[[9th Century]]</div>
</td>
<td>  </td>
<td>
<div align="center">[[Isle of Wight]]</div>
</td>
<td>  </td>
<td>  </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<div align="center">[[10th Century]]</div>
</td>
<td>  </td>
<td>  </td>
<td>  </td>
<td>  </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<div align="center">[[11th Century]]</div>
</td>
<td>  </td>
<td>
<div align="center">[[Heptarchy]]</div></td>
<td>  </td>
<td>  </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<div align="center">[[Calendar]]</div>
</td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<div align="center">[[Easter]]</div>
</td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
</table>
<br>
<br>
For further information, there is also a page of [[References]].
----
[http://asc.jebbo.co.uk/ Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, original language]<br>
[http://www.britannia.com/history/docs/asintro2.html Brittannia: The Anglo Saxon Chronicle]<br>
[http://www.earlybritishkingdoms.com Early British Kingdoms]<br>
[http://dontgohere.nu/oe/as-bt/index.htm Online Anglo-Saxon Dictionary]<br>
[http://www.thepeerage.com/index.htm thePeerage.com]
</p>

Books

2008-04-26T22:33:02Z

EpicHistorian:

<websiteFrame>
website=http://astore.amazon.com/snapdragonenterp
height=4000
width=100%
border=0
scroll=no
</websiteFrame>

Books

2008-04-26T22:32:41Z

EpicHistorian:

<websiteFrame>
website=http://astore.amazon.com/snapdragonenterp
height=4000
width=90%
border=0
scroll=yes
</websiteFrame>

Books

2008-04-26T22:27:23Z

EpicHistorian:

Books

2008-04-26T21:20:13Z

EpicHistorian: New page: <amazon img src='51RH4Z8HFFL._SL500_AA240_.jpg'>The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle</amazon>

<amazon img src='51RH4Z8HFFL._SL500_AA240_.jpg'>The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle</amazon>

999

2008-04-23T03:16:23Z

EpicHistorian:

<p>This year came the army about again into the Thames, and went up thence along the Medway to Rochester; where the [[Kent|Kentish]] army came against them, and encountered them in a close engagement; but, alas! they too soon yielded and fled; because they had not the aid that they should have had. The Danes therefore occupied the field of battle, and, taking horse, they rode as wide as they would, spoiling and overrunning nearly all West-[[Kent]]. Then the king with his council determined to proceed against them with sea and land forces; but as soon as the ships were ready, then arose delay from day to day, which harassed the miserable crew that lay on board; so that, always, the forwarder it should have been, the later it was, from one time to another; -- they still suffered the army of their enemies to increase; -- the Danes continually retreated from the sea-coast;-- and they continually pursued them in vain. Thus in the end these expeditions both by sea and land served no other purpose but to vex the people, to waste their treasure, and to strengthen their enemies.</p>
<p>(Ingram, p.103-104)</p>

----
<p>Gerbert of Aurillac became Pope Sylvester II.</p>
(Lacey, p.190)

999

2008-04-23T03:16:10Z

EpicHistorian:

987

2008-04-23T03:14:46Z

EpicHistorian:

<p>This year was the port of Watchet plundered.</p>
<p>(Ingram, p.100)</p>

----
<p>Frankish duke Hugh Capet made himself king of France.</p>
(Lacey, p.190)

983

2008-04-23T03:13:03Z

EpicHistorian:

<p>This year died Alderman Alfere, and Alfric succeeded to the same eldership; and Pope Benedict also died.</p>
<p>(Ingram, p.100)</p>

----
<p>Otto II died.</p>
(Lacey, p.189)

980

2008-04-23T03:12:02Z

EpicHistorian:

<p>In this year was Ethelgar consecrated bishop, on the sixth day before the nones of May, to the bishopric of Selsey; and in the same year was Southampton plundered by a pirate-army, and most of the population imprisoned. And the same year was the [[Isle of Thanet]] overrun, and the county of Chester was plundered by the pirate-army of the North. In this year Alderman Alfere fetched the body of the holy King Edward at Wareham, and carried him with great solemnity to Shaftsbury.</p>
<p>(Ingram, p.99)</p>

----
<p>In November Gerbert of Aurillac (Pope Sylvester II) triumphed in a day-long debate at Ravenna where his quickness of wit earned victory for the proposition that physics is a branch of mathematics, not a separate discipline in its own right.</p>
(Lacey, p.189)

941

2008-04-23T03:09:35Z

EpicHistorian:

<p>This year King Athelstan died in Glocester, on the sixth day before the calends of November, about forty-one winters, bating one night, from the time when King Alfred died. And Edmund Atheling took to the kingdom. He was then eighteen years old. King Athelstan reigned fourteen years and ten weeks. This year the Northumbrians abandoned their allegiance, and chose Anlaf of Ireland for their king.</p>
<p>(Ingram, p.87-88)</p>

----
<p>Gerbert of Aurillac (Pope Sylvester II) was born in the small Aquitaine town after which he was named.</p>
(Lacey, p.188)

964

2008-04-23T03:00:38Z

EpicHistorian:

<p>This year drove King Edgar the priests of Winchester out of the old minster, and also out of the new minster; and from Chertsey, and from Milton; and replaced them with monks. And he appointed Ethelgar abbot to the new minster, and Ordbet to Chertsey, and Cyneward to Milton. </p>
<p>(Ingram, p.94)</p>

----
<p>Bishop Ethelwold confronted the husbands of Winchester. He gave them the choice between their wives and their jobs, and when they all chose their wives they were drummed out of the cathedral to be replaced by a team of celibate monks from Abingdon.</p>
(Lacey, p.169)

664

2008-04-23T02:57:31Z

EpicHistorian:

<p>This year the sun was eclipsed, on the eleventh of May; and Erkenbert, King of [[Kent]], having died, Egbert his son succeeded to the kingdom. Colman with his companions this year returned to his own country. This same year there was a great plague in the island Britain, in which died Bishop Tuda, who was buried at Wayleigh--Chad and Wilferth were consecrated--And Archbishop Deus-dedit died.</p>
<p>(Ingram, p.40)</p>

----
<p>Abbess Hilda, founder of the abbey of Whitby on the Yourkshire coast, hosted the famous Synod of Whitby, at which Celtic and Rome-supporting Christians met to argue over the date of Easter.</p>
(Lacey, p.168)

910

2008-04-23T02:54:47Z

EpicHistorian:

<p>This year Frithestan took to the bishopric of Winchester; and Asser died soon after, who was Bishop of Sherborne. The same year King Edward sent an army both from Wessex and Mercia, which very much harassed the northern army by their attacks on men and property of every kind. They slew many of the Danes, and remained in the country five weeks. This year the Angles and the Danes fought at Tootenhall; and the Angles had the victory. This same year Ethelfleda built the fortress at Bramsbury.</p>
<p>(Ingram, p.77-78)</p>

----
<p>Aethelflaed started her program of fortress building, and completed ten ''burhs'' in less than five years.</p>
(Lacey, p.167)

996

2008-04-23T02:50:07Z

EpicHistorian:

<p>This year was Elfric consecrated archbishop at Christ church.</p>
<p>(Ingram, p.103)</p>

----
<p>Venetian records describe a shipment of sugar cane reaching Venice for the first time, probably from Persia or Egypt.</p>
(Lacey, p.136-137)

973

2008-04-23T02:46:20Z

EpicHistorian:

<p><poem>
::Here was Edgar,
::of Angles lord,
::with courtly pomp
::hallow'd to king
::at Akemancester,
::the ancient city;
::whose modern sons,
::dwelling therein,
::have named her BATH.
::Much bliss was there
::by all enjoyed
::on that happy day,
::named Pentecost
::by men below.
::A crowd of priests,
::a throng of monks,
::I understand,
::in counsel sage,
::were gather'd there.
::Then were agone
::ten hundred winters
::of number'd years
::from the birth of Christ,
::the lofty king,
::guardian of light,
::save that thereto
::there yet was left
::of winter-tale,
::as writings say,
::seven and twenty.
::So near had run
::of the lord of triumphs
::a thousand years,
::when this was done.
::Nine and twenty
::hard winters there
::of irksome deeds
::had Edmund's son
::seen in the world,
::when this took place,
::and on the thirtieth
::was hallow'd king. </poem>
Soon after this the king led all his marine force to Chester; and there came to meet him six kings; and they all covenanted with him, that they would be his allies by sea and by land.</p>
<p>(Ingram, p.95-96)</p>

----
<p>King Edgar, Alfred's great grandson, was anointed in Bath in a solemn coronation using a liturgy that remains the basis of English coronations to this day. This accomplished an alliance between the church and the crown, symbolised by the solemn anointing of King Edgar at his coronation, the first time that a king of all England had been blessed with this sacrament that was jealously reserved by the Roman church. The kings of Scotland had to wait for it until 1331.</p>
(Lacey, p.35,108)

735

2008-04-23T02:42:18Z

EpicHistorian:

<p>This year Bishop Egbert received the pall at Rome.</p>
<p>(Ingram, p.49)</p>

----
<p>Venerable Bede died.</p>
(Lacey, p.90)

975

2008-04-23T02:40:20Z

EpicHistorian:

<p><poem>::Here ended
::his earthly dreams
::Edgar, of Angles king;
::chose him other light,
::serene and lovely,
::spurning this frail abode,
::a life that mortals
::here call lean
::he quitted with disdain.
::July the month,
::by all agreed
::in this our land,
::whoever were
::in chronic lore
::correctly taught;
::the day the eighth,
::when Edgar young,
::rewarder of heroes,
::his life -- his throne resigned.
::Edward his son,
::unwaxen child,
::of earls the prince,
::succeeded then
::to England's throne.
::Of royal race
::ten nights before
::departed hence
::Cyneward the good
::prelate of manners mild.
::Well known to me
::in Mercia then,
::how low on earth
::God's glory fell
::on every side:
::chaced from the land,
::his servants fled,
::their wisdom scorned;
::much grief to him
::whose bosom glow'd
::with fervent love
::of great Creation's Lord!
::Neglected then
::the God of wonders,
::victor of victors,
::monarch of heaven,
::his laws by man transgressed!
::Then too was driv'n
::Oslac beloved
::an exile far
::from his native land
::over the rolling waves,
::over the ganet-bath,
::over the water-throng,
::the abode of the whale,
::fair-hair'd hero,
::wise and eloquent,
::of home bereft!
::Then too was seen,
::high in the heavens,
::the star on his station,
::that far and wide
::wise men call
::lovers of truth
::and heav'nly lore
::"cometa" by name.
::Widely was spread
::God's vengeance then
::throughout the land,
::and famine scour'd the hills.
::May heaven's guardian,
::the glory of angels,
::avert these ills,
::and give us bliss again;
::that bliss to all
::abundance yields
::from earth's choice fruits,
::throughout this happy isle.</poem></p>
<p>(Ingram, p.96-98)</p>

----
<p>The clerics of the Old Minster relinquished a large country estate which was yielding them good food-rents in order to obtain a plot of only two acres inside the city of Winchester.</p>
(Lacey, p.88)

975

2008-04-23T02:39:40Z

EpicHistorian:

<p>::Here ended
::his earthly dreams
::Edgar, of Angles king;
::chose him other light,
::serene and lovely,
::spurning this frail abode,
::a life that mortals
::here call lean
::he quitted with disdain.
::July the month,
::by all agreed
::in this our land,
::whoever were
::in chronic lore
::correctly taught;
::the day the eighth,
::when Edgar young,
::rewarder of heroes,
::his life -- his throne resigned.
::Edward his son,
::unwaxen child,
::of earls the prince,
::succeeded then
::to England's throne.
::Of royal race
::ten nights before
::departed hence
::Cyneward the good
::prelate of manners mild.
::Well known to me
::in Mercia then,
::how low on earth
::God's glory fell
::on every side:
::chaced from the land,
::his servants fled,
::their wisdom scorned;
::much grief to him
::whose bosom glow'd
::with fervent love
::of great Creation's Lord!
::Neglected then
::the God of wonders,
::victor of victors,
::monarch of heaven,
::his laws by man transgressed!
::Then too was driv'n
::Oslac beloved
::an exile far
::from his native land
::over the rolling waves,
::over the ganet-bath,
::over the water-throng,
::the abode of the whale,
::fair-hair'd hero,
::wise and eloquent,
::of home bereft!
::Then too was seen,
::high in the heavens,
::the star on his station,
::that far and wide
::wise men call
::lovers of truth
::and heav'nly lore
::"cometa" by name.
::Widely was spread
::God's vengeance then
::throughout the land,
::and famine scour'd the hills.
::May heaven's guardian,
::the glory of angels,
::avert these ills,
::and give us bliss again;
::that bliss to all
::abundance yields
::from earth's choice fruits,
::throughout this happy isle.</p>
<p>(Ingram, p.96-98)</p>

----
<p>The clerics of the Old Minster relinquished a large country estate which was yielding them good food-rents in order to obtain a plot of only two acres inside the city.</p>
(Lacey, p.88)

1014

2008-04-23T02:30:59Z

EpicHistorian:

<p>This year King Sweyne ended his days at Candlemas, the third day before the nones of February; and the same year Elfwy, Bishop of York, was consecrated in London, on the festival of St. Juliana. The fleet all chose Knute for king; whereupon advised all the counsellors of England, clergy and laity, that they should send after King Ethelred; saying, that no sovereign was dearer to them than their natural lord, if he would govern them better than he did before. Then sent the king hither his son Edward, with his messengers; who had orders to greet all his people, saying that he would be their faithful lord, would better each of those things that they disliked, and that each of the things should be forgiven which had been either done or said against him; provided they all unanimously, without treachery, turned to him. Then was full friendship established, in word and in deed and in compact, on either side. And every Danish king they proclaimed an outlaw for ever from England. Then came King Ethelred home, in Lent, to his own people; and he was gladly received by them all. Meanwhile, after the death of Sweyne, sat Knute with his army in Gainsborough until Easter; and it was agreed between him and the people of Lindsey, that they should supply him with horses, and afterwards go out all together and plunder. But King Ethelred with his full force came to Lindsey before they were ready; and they plundered and burned, and slew all the men that they could reach. Knute, the son of Sweyne, went out with his fleet (so were the wretched people deluded by him), and proceeded southward until he came to Sandwich. There he landed the hostages that were given to his father, and cut off their hands and ears and their noses. Besides all these evils, the king ordered a tribute to the army that lay at Greenwich, of 21,000 pounds. This year, on the eve of St. Michael's day, came the great sea-flood, which spread wide over this land, and ran so far up as it never did before, overwhelming many towns, and an innumerable multitude of people.</p>
<p>(Ingram, p.113-114)</p>

----
<p>King Sweyn I of England died.</p>
(Lacey, p.80)

1013

2008-04-23T02:29:00Z

EpicHistorian:

<p>The year after that Archbishop Elfeah was martyred, the king appointed Lifing to the archiepiscopal see of Canterbury. And in the same year, before the month August, came King Sweyne with his fleet to Sandwich; and very soon went about East-Anglia into the Humber-mouth, and so upward along the Trent, until he came to Gainsborough. Then soon submitted to him Earl Utred, and all the Northumbrians, and all the people of Lindsey, and afterwards the people of the Five Boroughs, and soon after all the army to the north of Watling-street; and hostages were given him from each shire. When he understood that all the people were subject to him, then ordered he that his army should have provision and horses; and he then went southward with his main army, committing his ships and the hostages to his son Knute. And after he came over Watling-street, they wrought the greatest mischief that any army could do. Then he went to Oxford; and the population soon submitted, and gave hostages; thence to Winchester, where they did the same. Thence went they eastward to London; and many of the party sunk in the Thames, because they kept not to any bridge. When he came to the city, the population would not submit; but held their ground in full fight against him, because therein was King Ethelred, and Thurkill with him. Then went King Sweyne thence to Wallingford; and so over Thames westward to Bath, where he abode with his army. Thither came Alderman Ethelmar, and all the western thanes with him, and all submitted to Sweyne, and gave hostages. When he had thus settled all, then went he northward to his ships; and all the population fully received him, and considered him full king. The population of London also after this submitted to him, and gave hostages; because they dreaded that he would undo them. Then bade Sweyne full tribute and forage for his army during the winter; and Thurkill bade the same for the army that lay at Greenwich: besides this, they plundered as oft as they would. And when this nation could neither resist in the south nor in the north, King Ethelred abode some while with the fleet that lay in the Thames; and the lady went afterwards over sea to her brother Richard, accompanied by Elfsy, Abbot of Peterborough. The king sent Bishop Elfun with the ethelings, Edward and Alfred, over sea; that he might instruct them. Then went the king from the fleet, about midwinter, to the [[Isle of Wight]]; and there abode for the season; after which he went over sea to Richard, with whom he abode till the time when Sweyne died. Whilst the lady was with her brother beyond sea, Elfsy, Abbot of Peterborough, who was there with her, went to the abbey called Boneval, where St. Florentine's body lay; and there found a miserable place, a miserable abbot, and miserable monks: because they had been plundered. There he bought of the abbot, and of the monks, the body of St. Florentine, all but the head, for 500 pounds; which, on his return home, he offered to Christ and St. Peter.</p>
<p>(Ingram, p.112-113)</p>

----
<p>In the summer Sweyn disembarked at Gainsborough in Lindsey, twenty miles from the mouth of the Trent, and the whole of Danish England immediately accepted him as king. As Sweyn marched south, Oxford and Winchester surrendered as soon as he appeared. When the magnates of the west gave him their allegiance, the citizens of London, the only centre of resistance, surrendered. The alien leader was installed in power, and Ethelred withdrew into exile in Normandy.<p>
(Lacey, p.80)

1008

2008-04-23T02:22:33Z

EpicHistorian:

<p>This year bade the king that men should speedily build ships over all England; that is, a man possessed of three hundred and ten hides to provide one galley or skiff; and a man possessed of eight hides only, to find a hemet and breastplate.</p>
<p>(Ingram, p.107)</p>

----
<p>Bishop Aelfwold of Crediton in the West Country died and in his will freed all the slaves who had worked on his estates.</p>
<p>(Lacey, p.25)</p>

----
<p>Ethelred gathered the largest navy that England had ever raised, only to see it turn against itself and disperse in mutiny.</p>
(Lacey, p.79-80)

1002

2008-04-23T02:21:06Z

EpicHistorian:

<p>This year the king and his council agreed that tribute should be given to the fleet, and peace made with them, with the provision that they should desist from their mischief. Then sent the king to the fleet Alderman Leofsy, who at the king's word and his council made peace with them, on condition that they received food and tribute; which they accepted, and a tribute was paid of 24,000 pounds. In the meantime Alderman Leofsy slew Eafy, high-steward of the king; and the king banished him from the land. Then, in the same Lent, came the Lady Elfgive Emma, Richard's daughter, to this land. And in the same summer died Archbishop Eadulf; and also, in the same year the king gave an order to slay all the Danes that were in England. This was accordingly done on the mass-day of St. Brice; because it was told the king, that they would beshrew him of his life, and afterwards all his council, and then have his kingdom without any resistance.</p>
<p>(Ingram, p.105)</p>

----
<p>Ethelred concluded a diplomatic marriage with Emma, sister of the duke of Normandy, in an attempt to secure more practical Norman support.</p>
(Lacey, p.79)

991

2008-04-23T02:18:45Z

EpicHistorian:

<p>This year was Ipswich plundered; and very soon afterwards was Alderman [[Byrhtnoth|Britnoth]] slain at Maldon. In this same year it was resolved that tribute should be given, for the first time, to the Danes, for the great terror they occasioned by the sea-coast. That was first 10,000 pounds. The first who advised this measure was Archbishop Siric.</p>
<p>(Ingram, p.101)</p>

----
<p>In the summer a fleet of ninety-three longships sailed into the Thames estuary and ravaged the ports and villages on the coasts of East Anglia and Kent.</p>
(Lacey, p.76)

997

2008-04-23T02:17:10Z

EpicHistorian:

<p>This year went the army about Devonshire into Severn- mouth, and equally plundered the people of Cornwall, North-Wales, and Devon. Then went they up at Watchet, and there much evil wrought in burning and manslaughter. Afterwards they coasted back about Penwithstert on the south side, and, turning into the mouth of the Tamer, went up till they came to Liddyford, burning and slaying everything that they met. Moreover, Ordulf's minster at Tavistock they burned to the ground, and brought to their ships incalculable plunder. This year Archbishop Elfric went to Rome after his staff.</p>
<p>(Ingram, p.103)</p>

----
<p>In a law code Ethelred ordered the shire reeve and the twelve leading magnates in each locality to swear to accuse no innocent man, nor conceal any guilty one--the earliest English reference to the sworn jury of presentment, ancestor of the Grand Jury which existed in England until 1933, and which still plays a prominent role in the legal processes of the United States of America.</p>
(Lacey p.74)

997

2008-04-23T02:16:37Z

EpicHistorian:

<p>This year went the army about Devonshire into Severn- mouth, and equally plundered the people of Cornwall, North-Wales(50) , and Devon. Then went they up at Watchet, and there much evil wrought in burning and manslaughter. Afterwards they coasted back about Penwithstert on the south side, and, turning into the mouth of the Tamer, went up till they came to Liddyford, burning and slaying everything that they met. Moreover, Ordulf's minster at Tavistock they burned to the ground, and brought to their ships incalculable plunder. This year Archbishop Elfric went to Rome after his staff.</p>
<p>(Ingram, p.103)</p>

----
<p>In a law code Ethelred ordered the shire reeve and the twelve leading magnates in each locality to swear to accuse no innocent man, nor conceal any guilty one--the earliest English reference to the sworn jury of presentment, ancestor of the Grand Jury which existed in England until 1933, and which still plays a prominent role in the legal processes of the United States of America.</p>
(Lacey p.74)

796

2008-04-23T02:14:00Z

EpicHistorian:

<p>This year died Archbishop Eanbald, on the fourth day before the ides of August; and his body is deposited at York. The same year also died Bishop Ceolwulf; and another Eanbald was consecrated to the see of the former, on the nineteenth day before the calends of September. About the same time Cynewulf, King of Mercia, made inroads upon the inhabitants of [[Kent]] as far as the marsh; and the Mercians seized Edbert Pryn, their king, led him bound into Mercia, and suffered men to pick out his eyes, and cut off his hands. And Ethelard, Archbishop of Canterbury, held a synod, wherein he ratified and confirmed, by command of Pope Leo, all things concerning God's monasteries that were fixed in Witgar's days, and in other king's days, saying thus: "I Ethelard, the humble Archbishop of Canterbury, with the unanimous concurrence of the whole synod, and of all the congregations of all the minsters, to which in former days freedom was given by faithful men, in God's name and by his terrible judgment do decree, as I have command from Pope Leo, that henceforth none dare to choose them lords from lewd men over God's inheritance; but, as it is in the writ that the pope has given, or holy men have settled, our fathers and our teachers, concerning holy minsters, so they continue untainted without any resistance. If there is any man that will not observe this decree of God, of our pope, and of us, but overlooketh it, and holdeth it for nought, let them know, that they shall give an account before the judgment-seat of God. And I Ethelard, archbishop, with twelve bishops, and with three and twenty abbots, this same with the rood-token of Christ confirm and fasten."</p>
<p>(Ingram, p.56)</p>

----
<p>Charlemagne wrote a letter to Offa, the great king of Mercia, complaining at variations in the size of the ''saga'', the woollen cloaks and blankets that Mercia exported to France. Charlemagne asked the king to make sure that the cloths would in future be made to the same size that they used to be.</p>
(Lacey, p.73)

796

2008-04-23T02:13:44Z

EpicHistorian:

<p>This year died Archbishop Eanbald, on the fourth day before the ides of August; and his body is deposited at York. The same year also died Bishop Ceolwulf; and another Eanbald was consecrated to the see of the former, on the nineteenth day before the calends of September. About the same time Cynewulf, King of Mercia, made inroads upon the inhabitants of [[Kent]] as far as the marsh; and the Mercians seized Edbert Pryn, their king, led him bound into Mercia, and suffered men to pick out his eyes, and cut off his hands. And Ethelard, Archbishop of Canterbury, held a synod, wherein he ratified and confirmed, by command of Pope Leo, all things concerning God's monasteries that were fixed in Witgar's days, and in other king's days, saying thus: "I Ethelard, the humble Archbishop of Canterbury, with the unanimous concurrence of the whole synod, and of all the congregations of all the minsters, to which in former days freedom was given by faithful men, in God's name and by his terrible judgment do decree, as I have command from Pope Leo, that henceforth none dare to choose them lords from lewd men over God's inheritance; but, as it is in the writ that the pope has given, or holy men have settled, our fathers and our teachers, concerning holy minsters, so they continue untainted without any resistance. If there is any man that will not observe this decree of God, of our pope, and of us, but overlooketh it, and holdeth it for nought, let them know, that they shall give an account before the judgment-seat of God. And I Ethelard, archbishop, with twelve bishops, and with three and twenty abbots, this same with the rood-token of Christ confirm and fasten."</p>
<p>(Ingram, p.56)</p>

----
<p>Charlemagne writes a letter to Offa, the great king of Mercia, complaining at variations in the size of the ''saga'', the woollen cloaks and blankets that Mercia exported to France. Charlemagne asked the king to make sure that the cloths would in future be made to the same size that they used to be.</p>
(Lacey, p.73)

973

2008-04-23T02:06:01Z

EpicHistorian:

925

2008-04-23T02:04:25Z

EpicHistorian:

<p>This year died King Edward at Farndon in Mercia; and Elward his son died very soon after this, in Oxford. Their bodies lie at Winchester. And Athelstan was chosen king in Mercia, and consecrated at Kingston. He gave his sister to Otho, son of the king of the old-Saxons. St. Dunstan was now born; and Wulfhelm took to the archbishopric in Canterbury. This year King Athelstan and Sihtric king of the Northumbrians came together at Tamworth, the sixth day before the calends of February; and Athelstan gave away his sister to him.</p>
<p>(Ingram, p.83)</p>

----
<p>Athelstan, grandson of Alfred, had himself crowned at Kings-ton (King's town), the modern Kingston-on-Thames; he grandiosely took to calling himself "King of all Britain", and he confirmed his authority, over England at least, by defeating an invading force of Scots and Irish in a bloodthirsty battle.</p>
(Lacey, p.34-35)

962

2008-04-23T02:03:20Z

EpicHistorian:

<p>The Holy Roman Empire came into being.</p>
<p>(Fagan, p.15)</p>

----
<p>There was "a very great pestilence" and "a great fatal fire" in London in which St. Paul's, the city's principal church, was burnt down.</p>
(Lacey, p.35)